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(a)Intelligent systems generally conform to one of the following
architectures:Von Neumann, list-processing,or connectionist.
(i)Briefly describe the Von Neumann architecture.[2 marks ]
(ii)Briefly describe the list-processing architecture.[2 marks ]
(b)Briefly describe the processes of sensation and perception.[3
marks ]
(c)(i)State the four basic principles of learning arising from Pavlov
's work on classical conditioning.[4 marks ]
(ii)Illustrate one of these principles by way of an example.[1 mark
]
(d)Distinguish between the processes of discrimination and identification.[4
marks ]
(e)In the following state space graph, the character in the node identifies
the node, and the number beside each node shows the value returned
by an evaluation function (i.e. how desirable it is to reach that
node).A heuristic search strategy will choose to expand the node with
the highest evaluation function, create all of its children, and then
apply the evaluation function to all of these children. The goal node
is J.
(i)State the order in which the nodes will be created.[1 mark ]
(ii)Name one disadvantage of heuristic searches.[1 mark ]
(f)Artificial neurons can be combined to produce an artificial neural
network. One such type of network consists of an input layer, a hidden
layer and an output layer, which some textbooks refer to as a 3-layer
network.However, some authors insist on calling such a network a 2-layer
network. Explain the reason for the discrepancy. Suggest a better
naming technique that removes the ambiguity.[3 marks ]
(g)An organisation is thinking of converting all of its various
printed documents into digital format using character recognition.
(i)If the characters are to be recognised using template matching,
how many templates would be required to match all the uppercase characters
of the English language?[2 marks ]
(ii)Commenting on the efficiency of such a system, explain whether
you think that it would be feasible.[2 marks ]
(h)What are phonemes and morphemes?[2 marks ]
(i)Alan Turing 's intelligence test concludes that a computer can
be described as intelligent if it can fool a human being into thinking
that it is human.
(i)Briefly describe two shortcomings of this method for identifying
intelligence in a computer.[2 marks ]
(ii)State and justify your own perspective on the possibility of an
intelligent machine ever being created.[1 mark ]
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