December 1999
SW204 : SOFTWARE AND
FILE DESIGN

QUESTION 5

Total Marks: 15 Marks

• Question 1
• Question 2
• Question 3
• Question 4
• Cover Page

SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Solutions and allocated marks are indicated in green.
Return to Question 5

Artificial intelligence has been applied in a number of different areas,including theorem proving and games playing.Name three other areas in which artificial intelligence has been applied.
One mark should be awarded for each area named (up to a maximum of three marks). Examples include the following:

•Robotics and vision.
•Natural language processing.
•Knowledge engineering. Other valid answers should also receive credit.

Describe each of the following terms:

(i)Forward reasoning.[3 marks ]
Forward reasoning describes the task domain situation to produce a modified situation (1 mark);it brings the problem from an initial state to a goal state (1 mark);it is data-driven or bottom up (1 mark). Other valid answers should also receive credit.

(ii)Backward reasoning.[3 marks ]
Backward reasoning is applied to the goal,rather than the current state (1 mark);the goal is converted to a number of sub-goals,which are easier to solve (1 mark);it is goal-driven or top down (1 mark). Other valid answers should also receive credit.

Describe the four types of knowledge which might need to be included in an artificial intelligence program.
One mark should be awarded for each of the following: •Objects,which are linked to facts. •Events,which lead to actions. •Performance,which represents the knowledge of how to do certain things. •Meta knowledge,which represents knowledge of ability,weaknesses,etc

Identify which knowledge representation technique is used for the following examples:

(i)IF the family income is adequate OR the single income is adequate THEN the applicant has adequate income.[1 mark ]
Production systems.

(ii)family (x,adequate ) V single (x,adequate ) -> income
(x,adequate ). [1 mark ]
Logic.