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(a) (i) Methods and procedures are one
of the ways to manage complexity in a
project. The key to implementing effective methods and procedures
is captured in the sequence. Experience; Learn; Revise; Promulgate.
Explain the importance of each of these four steps. [4]
(i) Steps involved in methods and procedures
Experience. People in the organisation must be encouraged to recognise
and report experiences that can have a measurable impact on operations.
Learn. When a problem has been identified, an attempt should be made
to understand both its immediate and its broader implications.
Revise. Once the full implications of the problem are understood,
procedures for dealing with it now and in the future should be established.
Promulgate. If the new insights are tucked away in a dark vault out
of reach of the staff, they are useless. Clearly, they must be promulgated
so that the staffs are made aware of their existence.
(One mark should be awarded for each explanation) [4]
(ii) Describe any one problem (commonly encountered) in following
this
approach [1]
(ii) Problems in Methods and Procedures (1
mark for any one of the
following)
- They add to bureaucracy and stifle creativity.
- The rules for checking project actions hampers progress rather than
expediting it.
- It also interrupts the flow of creative ideas and they reflect the
accumulation of past experiences whose pertinence may no
longer be relevant. [1]
(b) Risk response planning is concerned
with developing strategies to cope with risk events. Explain any two
risk-coping strategies. [2]
(Any two of the following provided it is
accompanied by a suitable
explanation.)
- The development of and adherence to system standards.
- The employment of insurance is a risk deflection strategy.
- The development of planning alternatives offers us a risk response
strategy. The best known approach is contingency planning. [2]
0 marks for no understanding demonstrated;
1 mark for an average answer.
2 marks for a detailed answer.
(c) Risks are typically categorised
into four categories, namely technical, market, financial, and human
risks. Describe in some detail all four of these categories. [8]
For each of the following four categories:
0 marks for no understanding demonstrate
1 mark for a barely adequate explanation of this category in candidate’s
own words, with no further explanation.
2 marks for a good answer, with clear explanation of the category,
and
provision for some sort of illustration.
A detailed answer can be found from the study guide, page no 4-3.
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